The use of science, mathematics, and technology to solve problems.
Desire to understand how things work and solve puzzles; Strong analytical, computer, communication skills; Willingness and persistence to risk failure until a problem is resolved or improved.
Problem: Bulky and heavy materials impact lift |
Solution: Lightweight materials identified and tested |
Problem: As aircraft get faster and more maneuverable, stronger frames required |
Solution: Metal Structure, monocoque fuselage, development of light weight metals such as aluminum |
Problem: For passenger comfort and safety need to fly above weather |
Solution: Pressurized cabins (discovery of metal fatigue) |
Problem: Increased speeds generate heat and stress on conventional metals |
Solution: Advanced alloys and metals developed such as magnesium and titanium |
Problem: Lighter airframes needed for increased range and better fuel economy |
Solution: Composite structure, carbon fiber wings and fuselage |
Problem: Sustainability, reliability, carbon emissions |
Solution: Smart structure? Self-healing structure? Piezoelectric wing warping? |
Mechanical control with pulleys, rods, and cables
Problem: As speed and size increase more force is required by pilot to control aircraft |
Solution: Hydromechanical controls accept inputs from pilots and apply hydraulic force to controls surfaces |
Problem: Increase safety, increase fuel efficiency, reduce weight, reduce maintenance |
Solution: Fly-By-Wire. Input from pilot goes to computer which provides quickest, safest, and most efficient flight control |
Dead-reckoning
Problem: Inaccurate, requires clear weather |
Solution: Ground based radio beacons and onboard Radio Navigation equipment guide pilots from waypoint to waypoint |
Problem: Limited range. Overseas and remote area navigation |
Solution: Inertial Navigation. Gyros, accelerometers and computers on aircraft determine heading and distance and navigate independently |
Problem: INS is prone to inaccuracy over time and expensive to maintain |
Solution: GPS Navigation. Space-based Global Positioning enables more coverage and greater accuracy |
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